Research projectComplete
How Can Mathematics Predict the Value of an Option?
An Introduction to the Black–Scholes Model
August 2026
This paper explores how the Black–Scholes model uses mathematics to determine the theoretical price of European options. It introduces intrinsic and extrinsic value before explaining how dynamic delta hedging and the risk-free arbitrage argument let Black, Scholes, and Merton derive their pricing equation without predicting future stock returns, then examines its assumptions and real-world limitations.
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Research projectComplete
How Have the British and Mongol Empires Influenced the World's Trade and Economy Today?
A Comparative Analysis of Historic Empires & Modern Commerce
2025–2026
This paper compares the trade and economic legacies of two of the largest empires in history. Analyzing their distinct commercial mechanisms, infrastructure, and financial systems, it finds the British built quantifiable institutional networks that still define hubs like London, while the Mongols pioneered concepts such as limited liability, passports, and free trade zones that drove the Age of Exploration.
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Policy analysisIn progress
An Analytical Review of the Rachel Reeves Autumn Budget
An evidence-led assessment of fiscal choices, distributional effects, and the trade-offs facing economic policymakers.
Analysis in development →
Policy analysisComing soon
Governmental Policy Analysis
A framework for evaluating how governments translate economic objectives into interventions and measurable outcomes.
Analysis in development →